Augmentation mammoplasty is a type of plastic surgery for breast enlargement and correction of its shape.The operation is performed using special implants, which almost do not feel inferior to natural mammary glands.
what is that
Breast augmentation with implants is a plastic surgery that allows you to correct the mammary glands.This technique is applied to women who have sagging breasts, changes in their shape and volume, for example, as a result of childbirth or breastfeeding.
Augmentation mammoplasty is one of the methods of surgical breast enlargement and correction of its shape.
The operation is prescribed after a comprehensive examination and is performed in a hospital.
In this case, implants of different shape, content and volume are used, which can be implanted under the fascia, gland or large pectoral muscle.
The location of the incisions can also vary.To avoid the development of complications after the intervention, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules of care.
In order for the mammary glands to look more natural after the operation, the specialist will give recommendations on choosing the size of the implant.
Types of prostheses
All materials are divided into several variants.
By content
They are divided into several types.
Silicone
They consist of a cohesive gel of varying density.The special feature of such implants is that if they are damaged, they do not leak.
Sol
Filling: physiological solution.Such products are less popular than others, but their price will be slightly lower.In addition, they have a shorter shelf life, and when worn under the skin, bumps and bumps can form.
Installation of selected implants is the key phase of augmentation mammoplasty.
The rehabilitation process and how painful it will be depends on their correct location and tissue contact.
With the competent actions of the surgeon, most complications can be easily avoided.
Hydrogel
This is a new generation bioimplant.It is completely compatible with the human body, which almost completely eliminates the risk of rejection.Hydrogel has many positive properties, and its quality is in no way inferior to silicone prostheses.Their advantage is elasticity, safety and non-toxicity.
By shape
Experts distinguish between round implants and teardrop-shaped implants.The first are used for minor changes in the mammary glands.Breast augmentation with round implants is suitable for women who want to achieve a natural breast shape.
By type of surface and profile
The surface of the dentures can be smooth or rough.
There are high and low implants.
When choosing a product, the doctor must take into account the patient's age, weight, height, body type, breast bone structure, condition of the mammary glands and their size.
Access methods
To insert the implant into the chest cavity, experts use three types of tissue dissection, which results in the replacement of the vacuum space.
Periareolar
Breast tissue is dissected at the areola site.The main advantage of this technique is that the doctor has the opportunity not only to correct the shape of the nipple, but also to change its position.
The scar after surgery almost completely disappears with time.
Submammary
The incision is made along the fold line under the breast.As for the inconspicuousness of the scars, this method is considered the most suitable, because the seam is located in the place where the mammary gland covers the skin of the trunk.
Axillary
It involves incisions in the area near the armpit.The method is sloppy and more complicated;the scars will be located in a visible place.In addition, in this case it is difficult to properly place the implants in the pocket between the mammary gland and the muscle.
Location of dentures
They can be placed under the muscle fascia, under the mammary gland or under the pectoralis major muscle.A combined method is often used, in which several location tactics are combined at once.
Weight categories
To determine this indicator, the following values should be taken into account:
- periodapproach;
- volumesurgical intervention;
- anatomicallycharacteristicsand the desired size of the prosthesis;
- generalconditionclients;
- the presence of relativesrestrictionsto surgery.
Plastic surgery includes three categories of complexity.
First
Augmentation mammoplasty of the 1st degree of complexity involves a periareolar approach and endoprosthetics.At the same time, the method is characterized by moderate trauma and a minimal amount of surgical intervention.
Second
The patient's condition is satisfactory.Prosthetics with a vertical scar are performed;assumes a medium level of intervention and injury.
Third
There are relative limitations that can cause complications.An anchor lift is performed, during which the implants are placed.
Indications
Mammoplasty is performed not only to improve the appearance of the mammary glands, but also to remove deformities and other defects.
The main indications for plastic surgery include:
- smallsizechest;
- asymmetry;
- saggingbreast or areola prolapse, which can appear against the background of rapid weight loss;
- to changeformsas a result of lactation or childbirth;
- hyperpigmentationpacifier;
- incorrectly executedplasticbefore this;
- deformationcongenital roundness.
However, the main factor still remains the aesthetic transformation.
Contraindications
Correction of the mammary glands using gel or silicone prostheses has its absolute and relative limitations.
The first group includes:
- diseasesinternal organs with severe disease;
- yearup to 18 years;
- childhood periodfeeding;
- cancer;
- mentallyabnormalities and epileptic seizures;
- violationcoagulabilityblood;
- infections.
Relative contraindications include:
- fibrous nodeswithin the mammary gland;
- bigweight;
- syphilisand HIV;
- chronic formhepatitis;
- diseasesautoimmunesystems, for example, rheumatism, nephritis, scleroderma;
- varicose veinsdilatation of veins
In addition, it is not recommended to perform surgery for diabetes mellitus in the compensation phase.The operation will have to be postponed during menstruation or if there is an unreasonable increase in body temperature.
Preparation
Augmentation mammoplasty involves preparation.
The important thing is to visit some experts.The surgeon examines the mammary glands, the condition of the skin in this area, and determines the size and volume of the breast.In addition, the doctor will tell you about the actions during the surgical procedure, the consequences and the result.
Consultations with a gynecologist, mammologist and therapist will help to identify any restrictions for surgery.The anesthesiologist will help determine the presence of individual intolerance and the tendency to develop an allergic reaction to the drugs and materials used.
After that, the patient is given a referral for laboratory tests, which may include the following tests:
- blood and urine;
- biochemistry;
- for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis;
- sugar test;
- by group and Rh factor;
- coagulogram.
Instrumental examination includes fluorography, radiography, electrocardiogram and ultrasound examination.
In the presence of pathological processes that occur in a chronic form, it will be necessary to obtain a report from a doctor, which will indicate the duration of remission.
If no contraindications for surgical intervention have been established, the woman should follow a series of recommendations in the preparation phase.
No later than one and a half weeks before the expected date, you must stop smoking and drinking alcohol.Do not expose your body to stressful situations and nervous overstrain.You will also need to stop taking medicines that reduce blood clotting.
Performance technique
Arrival at the clinic is possible the day before or immediately on the day of the surgical intervention.Before that, the doctor may advise the patient to drink a sedative at night, which will help reduce nervous tension and ensure good sleep.In the morning at the hospital, the woman's blood pressure and body temperature are measured.
After that, the specialist gives general anesthesia.The surface of the skin in the area of the mammary glands is treated with an antiseptic solution, catheters are inserted and the body is connected to a special device that allows you to monitor the condition of the body during the operation.
After the anesthetic takes effect, the doctor proceeds directly to the manipulation itself.A cut of the required length is made in a pre-selected area.The tissue is carefully separated to form a pocket into which the implant will later be placed.To stop the bleeding, the vessels are cauterized.
Then the surgeon takes out the endoprosthesis and installs it in the desired position through the incision.After all the manipulations are completed, a suture and a fixing bandage are applied to the wound.The mammary glands are supported by a shapewear, which will prevent the implant from moving to the side.
Recovery period
First of all, proper care of the wound surface is required, which will not only avoid the formation of pustular formations, but also speed up the healing process.
As a rule, self-absorbable sutures are placed on the incision and do not require removal.After about 7 days, the patient will only need to remove the nodes that will protrude above the surface of the skin.
To prevent scarring, you will need to apply a cast to the stitch and wear a corset.
Since in the first few days after the operation, the woman will suffer from severe pain, the specialist will recommend taking analgesics in order to eliminate it.Antibiotics are prescribed to reduce the chance of infection.
To reduce swelling, you should not shower or bathe in hot water or expose your body to any physical activity for two weeks.In order to prevent capsular contracture, it is necessary to massage the breasts, but this can be done no later than 2 weeks after implant placement.
Visits to the sauna, bath and solarium should be avoided for 5 days.It is also forbidden to sunbathe in direct sunlight.
Special attention should be paid to nutrition during the recovery period.Food should be light and easily digestible.You need to include more fruits and vegetables that contain iron and fortified cocktails in your diet.
Complications
All possible side effects are divided into two groups.
Early
This category includes bruising, microhematoma, swelling and pain.Such phenomena are not dangerous to human health and disappear by themselves within a few days.
Late
This group includes:
- openingbleeding– vascular damage contributes to the development of complications;
- seroma- occurs, as a rule, a few hours after the intervention, so the patient must stay in the hospital environment for 1-3 days;
- losssensitivitynipple-areolar complex - often occurs as a result of damage to the tactile nerve;
- hematomas;
- suppurationat the place of stitches - the main cause of complications is non-observance of septic and antiseptic rules;
- educationkeloidsscars and hypertrophied tissue;
- rupture ordeflation(expiration) of prostheses;
- dystopiaimplants;
- capsularfibrotic type contracture.
Each of the above consequences requires immediate medical intervention.
Augmentation mammoplasty is a complex surgical procedure that requires highly qualified surgeons.Therefore, before you make a decision to increase your breasts with implants, you must weigh the pros and cons and take seriously the choice of clinic where the manipulation will be performed.